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Bāyazīd Ansārī ((パシュトー語:بايزيد انصاري)), also known as Pīr Roshān or Pīr Rokhān ((パシュトー語:پیر روښان), "the enlightened Pir"; (ペルシア語:پیر روشن)) (1525 – 1581/1585), was a Pashtun warrior, poet, Sufi master and intellectual from the Ormur tribe. Pir Roshan wrote mostly in Pashto, but also in Persian and Arabic, while his first language was Ormuri. Pir Roshan is known for founding the 16th-century Roshaniyya movement which gained many followers in the Pashtun region. Pir Roshan wrote the Pashto book ''Khayr al-Bayān'' to present his philosophical ideas. Pir Roshan assembled Pashtun armies to fight against the Mughal emperor Akbar in response to Akbar's continuous military agitations, and to counter Akbar's Din-e Ilahi. Seeing the spiritual and religious hold of Pir Roshan over a large portion of Pashtuns, Akbar brought in a number of religious figures against the struggle, most notably Akhund Darweza, who also wrote a Pashto book in an attempt to refute Pir Roshan's ideas. Akhund Darweza called Pir Roshan as ''Pīr-e Tārīk'', "the dark Pir". Mughals eventually killed Pir Roshan, and a Yusufzai militia allied with Mughal forces killed four of his five sons leaving only his youngest son Pir Jalala, who later took up arms against the Mughals himself and was largely successful in his battles. The modern Afghan city of Jalalabad is named in Pir Jalala's honor. Akbar forced Pir Jalala to escape to Chitral where he died in 1601. Roshaniyya followers in Tirah, Waziristan, Paktia, Logar and Nangarhar continued their struggle against the Mughals for nearly a hundred years. ==Overview== Pir Roshan became known for his thinking with its strong Sufi influences, radical for the times and unusual for the region. As to claims by some Burkis of an "Ansari" connection, refer to "An Enquiry into the Ethnography of Afghanistan" by Henry Walter Bellew (1891). Bayazid's people—currently referred to as "Burki"—who until the early twentieth century were known as Barak or Baraki were found in large numbers during the Greek period in their present environs (p. 62). On page 8, Bellew in this seminal work refers to the Baraki's origins as "mysterious" but not of Arab/Ansari descent. Like other Pushtun tribes, the Burki seek self segregation from the outside world thus the importance of Kaniguram as the historical focal point of the tribe and the continued effort to retain their native tongue (Urmar)which predates Pushtu. Bayazid Khan of the Urmars/Baraks became widely known as Pir Roshan, which means in Pashto "the enlightened Pir". He was the first Pushtun to lead a major insurgency against the Mughal emperor Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar. Pir Roshan was an advocate for learning and equal treatment for women. A revolutionary concept for the times, and even today in South Waziristan. From his base in Kaniguram, he started his insurgency—Roshaniya (enlightened) movement—which was carried on against the emperor's troops by his children and then his grandchildren and great grandchildren . The Roshaniya movement spanned almost a century: 1560–1638. During the 19th century orientalists translating texts from Pushto and other regional texts termed his movement a "sect", a mistake which persists to this day amongst many European researchers. The major focus of the movement was to create equality between men and women, including the right to learn and listen to lectures of scholars and fight to against Akbar after his proclamation of Din-i-Ilahi. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pir Roshan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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